Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making

Critiquing Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Critiquing Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making When looking at ethical decision making in a philosophical approach you must consider the consequentialism ethics, deontology ethics, or the virtual ethics of any case you are evaluating. The following is a discussion of three different scenarios and the different approaches in decision making for these cases. This author will talk about what makes each scenario ethical or non-ethical. Each case will be approached and looked at with respect to the three philosophical approaches of decision making for these scenarios. The three philosophical methods that will be used in this analytical paper are†¦show more content†¦If she does not meet her sales quota again in the next period does she want to repeat? Catalina should just tell the other sales force that she is sorry for not meeting her sales quota and see if they could help her with some referrals that could help her in getting the sales quota met. In the last scenario we are asked if Malcomb should report his roommate to t he police or keep quiet. Using the first method Malcomb needs to report his roommate as it is to keep hisShow MoreRelatedPhilosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Matrix864 Words   |  4 Pages Appendix B Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Matrix Determine the ethical course of action for the following three scenarios from the perspective of each of the three philosophical approaches: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Then, complete the matrix below by writing a few sentences stating the ethical course of action and the reasoning from that approach’s perspective. Clearly differentiate the reasons for each of the three approaches. Keep in mindRead MoreCritiquing Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making974 Words   |  4 PagesCritiquing Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making The purpose of this paper is to examine the conclusions that I reached for each of the three scenarios listed in Appendix B. I will explain how I reached each conclusion and why I believe each conclusion to be ethical. In Scenario 1 the mayor of a small town needs to decide in favor of economic prosperity or in defense of his elderly citizens. For this scenario I chose the same conclusion for each of the three philosophical approachesRead MoreEthical Decision Making990 Words   |  4 PagesSTRAYER UNIVERSITY CRJ 220 ETHICS amp; LEADERSHIP IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROFESSOR: JASON DOUGLAS Philosophical Approach to Ethical Decision Making Tasha L. Thomas 01/22/2012 Abstract Ethics is the branch of philosophy that examines questions of morality, or right and wrong. In this paper we will discuss the philosophical approaches used in ethical decision making. The two approaches that will be elaborated on are the utilitarian approach and the universal approach. Several questions willRead MoreSolving Ethical Dilemmas1611 Words   |  7 PagesSolving Ethical Dilemmas in the Accounting Profession LaKeesha Lawler ACC/260 January 14, 2011 Dan Jensen Solving Ethical Dilemmas in the Accounting Profession The Dilemma of an Accountant Baker Greenleaf was one of the Big Eight accounting firms. Daniel Potter was a highly ethical accountant that placed a lot of value on integrity. He was hired to work as an accountant for the firm. Baker like many other firms was faced with a dilemma that tested the firm’s ethical standingsRead MoreEthics And Morality Are The Same Thing812 Words   |  4 Pagesethics, people often think ethics and morality are the same thing. But in order to understand ethical leadership, it can be beneficial to view these two concepts differently. One of the most important ethical philosophers of modern times has been John Rawls, who made a clear distinction between comprehensive moral systems and less comprehensive systems. The distinction can help better understand the idea of ethical leadership. To Rawls, the two differ in the following manner: †¢ Comprehensive moral systemsRead MoreEthics in the Workplace1201 Words   |  5 PagesClassical and Contemporary Ethical Philosophies Ethical philosophies served as guide for people in the workplace to make moral decisions in conducting business. There are classical normative ethical philosophies as well as contemporary ethical philosophies being used. They have been applied in the different levels or dimensions of the business organizations. People do know that there are business organizations that have disregarded ethical standards and encounters ethical issues inside their companyRead MoreMy View On Right And Wrong1269 Words   |  6 Pages(Schermerhorn, 2009, p.60). Before coming up with a decision on whether a situation is right or wrong, I have to look at the implication the choice I make have on the subject. My approach towards the situation takes a relativist approach of not sticking towards a specific perspective on ethics. It involves the situation at hand and how the situation will affect those involved. Despite the relativist approach, my Christian belief guides me in most of the decisions made in a given situation. Having grown upRead MorePhilosophical And Practical Approach For Balancing Issues1209 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 3: Philosophical and Practical Approach for Balancing Issues Running head: PHILOSOPHICAL AND APPROACH FOR BALANCING ISSUES Assignment 3: Philosophical and Practical Approach for Balancing Issues Tardanika Marshall Strayer University CRJ 220: Ethics and Leadership Professor: Judy Tompkins, JD LLM September 9, 2015 Law enforcement officers deal withRead MoreEthical Dilemmas1461 Words   |  6 PagesEthical dilemmas are common issues that every businessman has to face at their working environment. It is not such an easy task for businessman to have an ethical decision making, to choose what the â€Å"right† thing to do. In this following factual scenario, John also has to face some ethical dilemmas in his working environment and have difficulty to find appropriate solution. After a brief summary of the facts, I will discuss some ethical dilemmas which John is confronting and some approaches to ethicalRead MoreThree Approaches to Making Ethical Decisions Within an Educational Institution1700 Words   |  7 Pages Three Approaches to Making Ethical Decisions Within an Educational Institution Ethical decision-making is essential in understanding and demonstrating values in educational institutions. Philosophical, social and moral principles and values accentuate ethical decision-making and shape the foundation for understanding the relationship between an individuals values and decisions made in educational institutions. Administrating what an individual knows is right is not always straightforward, and

Fast Food Restaurant Mcdonalds - 879 Words

Operations Management Case 1: FAST FOOD 14-03-2011 Hussein El-Ratel Questions 1) How are in-store orders taken? 2) Are the hamburgers prepared to order, or are they prepared ahead of time and delivered from a storage bin? 3) How are special orders handled? 4) How are the hamburgers cooked? 5) How are the hamburgers assembled? 6) Is a microwave oven used in the process? 7) How are other common items, such as French fries and drinks, handled? 8) How long (time) does the process of an order take? 9) Observe and describe the layout of the place. Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s 1) McDonald provides self-service facilities to its customers. The customers come to the restaurant, book their order at the order and†¦show more content†¦In the cooking process of a hamburger, a patty is cooked firstly and after that it is placed on a bun and other ingredients are placed on the top of the patty as garnishes. The most popular ingredients of a hamburger include ketchup, mustard, iceberg lettuce, mayonnaise, tomatoes, white onions and toppings. 5) The Assembling of hamburgers is done by the Production Team of McDonalds which is quite efficient. First of all hamburger patties are cooked and the number of patties and what type of patties will be cooked is ascertained by the Grill Manager who is present in every shift. The cooked patties are then positioned in a warmer till they are appropriately cooked. Subsequent to the grill is the hamburger bun toaster where buns are toasted and these buns are also placed in a warmer until they are ready for assembling. The Assembler, who takes order from the Grill Manager, then assembles the hamburgers. He takes the meat and the buns from the particular warmer and assembles it in lots. Then these hamburgers are placed with other toppings, wrapped and are placed in microwaves. After micro waving, the hamburgers are then positioned on top of the microwave, where the Grill Manager transfers the hamburgers to the warming bin (Welcome to McDonalds). 6) Yes, McDonalds uses the Microwave oven in its process, butShow MoreRelatedMcdonald’s Research Paper1394 Words   |  6 Pagesidea-the hamburger chain certainly exemplifies franchising success. The first McDonalds restaurant was opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in 1940 on Route 66 in San Bernadino, California. The menu had about 25 offerings, and carhops brought the food out to patrons waiting in their cars. Today, McDonalds franchise network is the world’s leading food service retailer with more than 30,000 franchise restaurants serving 52 million people in more than 100 countries. Of those stores, more than 70%Read MoreMcdonals Kotlers Changes4578 Words   |  19 Pagescope with the losses, while changing their business model using different tactics and stages. 2) McDonald’s Area of Expertise The McDonald’s corporation is the largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants in the world. It is the leading global foodservice retailor with more than 35,000 chains of restaurants serving nearly 70 million people in 119 countries every day, while employing 1.8 million workers. McDonald’s primarily sell their famous hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, french fries, breakfastRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of Mcdonald s Corporation2080 Words   |  9 Pagesworld’s leading fast food service retailer with over 36,000 restaurants serving approximately 69 million customers in over 100 countries every day. McDonald’s Corporation view themselves primarily as a franchisor that believes that franchising is important in delivering great customer experiences and driving profitability. As of 2014, more than 80% of McDonald’s restaurants were franchised to independent local franchisees around the world. (AboutMcdonalds.com 2015) In the 1970â€⠄¢s Milton Friedman arguedRead MoreAn Anaysis of McDonald’s Corporation2701 Words   |  11 Pagesresources, capabilities, and core competencies, which have been discussed above. When referring to the socio- cultural segment of the general environment, McDonald’s Corporation has become a staple in the culture of American foods. There is no other brand or restaurant that is as known and as fixed into the American culture as McDonalds. One of the most notable items on the McDonald’s menu that has become an American favorite is the Big Mac. According to the to McDonald’s menu, the Big Mac includesRead MoreCarvel Case4720 Words   |  19 Pagescream and innovative products and manufacturing techniques to establish himself as the local, family-orientated ice cream parlor in the New York City area. In 1947, Mr. Carvel franchised his first store and proceeded to become one of the pioneers in fast food franchising. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the gravely-voiced Mr. Carvel used his folksy and savvy style to dominate the greater New York area. By standardizing procedures and providing franchisees with exclusive product designs and marketing mate rial

The Light Bulb One of the Most Useful Inventions in the World Free Essays

People need light to be able to see. In the morning, there is sunlight. But in the night, people use electric light made from light bulbs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Light Bulb: One of the Most Useful Inventions in the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without light bulbs, people would not be able to see and would have to rely on their other senses to do tasks. Without light bulbs, our lives would be very different. The light bulb is a very useful invention that people all over the world use every day. The creation of the light bulb can be traced back to the 19th century. In 1800, Humphrey Davy made the arc lamp (â€Å"Lighting†). But the arc lamp was very dangerous because light was made by sparks, increasing the chance of fire (Burnie 52). In 1860, Joseph Swan made an incandescent light bulb. But the light bulb had many disadvantages. The light bulb burned out in an hour and it cost a lot of money (Burnie 52). Also, the filament was made of pure carbon, so when the carbon burnt, it filed the bulb with soot (â€Å"Lighting†). Then in 1879, Thomas Edison made a better incandescent (a term for heat-driven light emissions) light bulb. Time News reported, â€Å"Thomas Edison is the creator of the first commercially viable light bulb. † His incandescent light bulb was efficient, affordable, and safe (Fletcher). It took Edison years to make an incandescent light bulb. First he used a platinum filament and used a vacuum pump to reduce the oxygen level in the bulb, so it would be harder for a fire to start (Mintz 83). Later, he coated the filament with magnesium. He tested the bulb. Its electrical resistance was only 3 ohms, meaning that it doesn’t glow brightly. But it did glow for 13 hours and 38 minutes, proving it’s possible to keep a filament lit for long periods of time. Then he decided to use carbon because it was cheap and had a high melting point (Mintz 86). He used a fat piece of carbon, but its electrical resistance was only 2 ohms (Mintz 88). Then he made the piece thinner and longer, so the electrical resistance increased to 113 ohms (Mintz 89). Mintz said, â€Å"For example, if the same amount of water was put in a straw and a big water pipe, the pressure of the water in the straw would be a lot more† (90). Electrical resistance works the same way. Because he made the filament smaller, its electrical resistance increased, but it burned out in a few seconds. Finally, he made a filament that gave the best results. He used a piece of carbon, boiled in sugar and alcohol, and then baked in an over. Its electrical resistance was 107 ohms and it lasted 170 hours. Thomas Edison wrote in his diary, â€Å"My light is perfected† (Mintz 90). Thomas Edison created an incandescent light bulb, but now there are many others. One of them is a standard light bulb. It is an incandescent light bulb with 20 inches of filament made by tungsten (a metal discovered in 1912) surrounded by gases. It makes yellow-white light, but its efficiency is only 8%, meaning that only 8% of the electricity input is used to make light. The other 92% is used as heat or is passed to the other end of the filament. A daylight bulb is an incandescent light bulb, but is made to give the color and feel of daylight. It is made of many colors (Burnie 53). A fluorescent bulb works by passing current through a tube, producing ultraviolet radiation. The radiation hits the phosphorous coating, making light through chemical process. The bulb lasts about 10,000 hours. There is also a compact fluorescent bulb. They work like normal fluorescent bulbs, but are smaller and screw into sockets like incandescent light bulbs. Compact fluorescent bulbs also last about 10,000 hours (Kremer). Another type of bulb is low-pressure sodium lamp. It contains a little sodium, so it takes a few minutes to light up. The light it makes is almost pure yellow. A high-pressure sodium lamp contains sodium and aluminum. It makes pink-blue light. It is very efficient (Burnie 53). Another type of light is LED (light emitting diode). Compared to all the other types of light bulbs, LEDs are very unique and different. They have no filament, have a long life span, produce no heat, are very efficient, and one bulb is less than an inch long and about a centimeter wide. Unfortunately, they are very expensive. For under-the-cabinet lighting in a kitchen, one strip of it costs about $100 (Kremer). Overall, there are many different light bulbs now, and more will be invented in the future. There are many different light bulbs for different uses. Each light bulb can be used in at least one way or another. For example, daylight bulbs are used inside of buildings (Burnie 53). So are incandescent bulbs, fluorescent, compact fluorescent, and LED (Kremer). Low-pressure and high-pressure sodium lamps are used outside. More specifically, low-pressure sodium lamps are used in less populated areas, such as driveways. High-pressure sodium lamps are used in more populated ideas, such as streets. Incandescent bulbs, compact fluorescent, and LED bulbs are used in appliances and household objects, such as microwaves, flashlights, and cars (Burnie 53). All these bulbs help us see. Bulbs used inside buildings help us find objects in the night. Street lights make it safer to go bike riding, walk, or drive a car outside when it is dark. Bulbs used in household objects and appliances help us in many ways. For example, the bulb inside a refrigerator enables us to see food. The light in a flashlight helps us see in places where there is no light. All in all, light bulbs have many uses. The invention of the light bulb is very useful and everyone uses it. Without the light bulb, our lives would be very different. We would either have to use candles and risk the chance of fire, or not use candles and not be able to see at all in the night. I think that light bulbs help us every day, day and night, and are less dangerous than fire and candles. How to cite The Light Bulb: One of the Most Useful Inventions in the World, Essay examples

Organization Theories and the Human Relations Theories

Question: Organization theories and the Human Relations theories. In what way are the two sets of theories compatible with each other? In what way are they in conflict with each other? How might both these theories be useful in understanding organizational phenomena and organizational actions? Use real-world examples to illustrate your analysis. Answer: Introduction The classical organization theory is the combination of the scientific management, bureaucratic and administrative theory. Frederick Taylor stated the scientific management theory in the year 1917 (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The theory consists of four basic principles (Bybee, 2013): to observe the best way one can perform the task, Rank each person in each task, Use reward and punishments as key motivating steps for the workers, The management deals with the planning and control. Max Webers bureaucratic theory emphasized the importance of the division of labor (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The administrative theory is given by Mooney and Reiley (1931) which states that there exist a set of principles that will be applied to all the organization (Jiang et al., 2012). Human Resource theories explain the behaviors and structures of the management can result in the change of the employee behavior (Jiang et al., 2012). Acting upon the basic understandings of the Organizational behavior and HR theories, the small business owners can minimize the number of workers and thus, result in the increase in creativity and productivity (Hudson, 2015). The classical organization and the human resource theories are the management theories that are used even today. Both the theories are compatible with each other and the points of compatibility and differences have been discussed in brief below. Classical organization theory and Human resource theory compatibility There are several points where Organizational theory and Human resource theory are compatible with each other. Some of the points are discussed below (Hudson, 2015): Both the theories make use of different subjects: Organizational behavior and human resource theories are the combinations of several fields of sciences that include psychology, economics, political science, medicine, engineering, anthropology and many others (Marion Gonzales, 2013). For example study of medicine helps in understanding as to how the long- term stress affects the health of the employee (Bybee, 2013). Organizational functions: The HR theory states two points- The job performance and the increase in motivation of the workers (Hudson, 2015). Henry Fayol has stated that workers perform smoothly only when the management is working smoothly. This theory helps in laying down the main functions of management i.e. Planning, Organization, managing and controlling (Shafritz Ott Jang, 2015). Employee motivation: The classical theory and the human resource theory both the theories lay emphasis on the employee motivation (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Employee motivation will result in the efficient functioning of the organization. The human relations theory emerged with the belief that people desire to be a part of a team where there is the opportunity to grow and develop (Shafritz Ott Jang, 2015) Conflicts between Classical approach and Human relations approach Human relations theory laid its emphasis on the value the employee is creating and it also includes the needs and contribution of the employees (Hudson, 2015). Classical theory laid its emphasis on the good of the organization. The classical Management approach was developed to handle the problems that were arising in the factories (Jiang et al., 2012). The Approach found the way of managing and performing the task. The approach laid down certain standard method for doing the job and people were given training and worked more like machines (Shafritz Ott Jang, 2015). The approach states that to do the good job the worker's economic needs should be attained (Hudson, 2015). This thought is derived by the Adam Smith in his book named economic theory which stated that nature of the humans is rational (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Thus, the employee needs motivation in monetary terms. The Human Relations theories focused mainly on human workings and increasing the productivity of the work (Marion Gonzales, 2013). This Approach uses Maslow's hierarchy of needs which reflects that every human being has some needs that affect his performance and motivation. The needs that affect the performance of the workers are as follows: Physiological, safety, social, esteem and self- actualization needs (Bybee, 2013). Classical theory can establish the harmony in the organization by using the principles of commanding, planning and controlling (Bybee, 2013). This is why many big organizations follow this method. On the other hand, Human Relations Approach lays emphasis on the personnel management and leads to the better performance amongst the workers (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Classical organization theory and human resource theories are useful in understanding organizational phenomena and organizational actions The Organization conceptions and principles that are followed by the classical organization thus have a practical value in the organization (Jiang et al., 2012). The Human resource theory can turn into an advantage for the organization. Nowadays emphasis is being made on making the workforce competent and motivated to understand their role and deliver best results for the organization (Hudson, 2015). There are various motivating factors for the workers such as Incentives, promotions, job enrichment and job empowerment (Jiang et al., 2012). The employees of an organization play a very vital role. The Maslows theory is still used in the organization and forms the basis of motivational schemes in an organization (Bybee, 2013). The focus should be laid on employee motivation which results in high performance in the organization. However, even today human resource theory and the classical organization are being used by every organization ("Human Relations Management Theory Basics", 2011). The big organization such as General Motors, Ford Motor, Dell, Johnson Johnson, and Microsoft or the small organization all follows the theories of human resource and classical organization ("Human Relations Management Theory Basics", 2011). The companies create work division with response to the quality of the work the workers are provided the incentives and other benefits, on the other hand, human resource conducts the induction program for the employees, motivates employees to work hard. Reference Bybee, J. L. (2013). Usage-based theory and exemplar representations of constructions. InThe Oxford handbook of construction grammar. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. https://www.business.com/management-theory/human-relations-management-theory-basics/ Hudson, J. R. (2015). Theories of management. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), 1264-1294. Marion, R., Gonzales, L. D. (2013).Leadership in education: Organizational theory for the practitioner. Waveland Press. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.